This post takes a look at the most common directories in the Linux file tree. It also shows that on Unix everything is a file. filesystem hierarchy standard Many Linux distributions partially follow the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard. The FHS may help make more Unix/Linux file system trees conform better in the future. The FHS is … Read more
In this post we learn how to recognise, create, remove, copy and move files using commands like file, touch, rm, cp, mv and rename. all files are case sensitive Files on Linux (or any Unix) are case sensitive. This means that FILE1 is different from file1, and /etc/hosts is different from /etc/Hosts (the latter one … Read more
This module is a brief overview of the most common commands to work with directories: pwd, cd, ls, mkdir and rmdir. These commands are available on any Linux (or Unix) system. pwd The you are here sign can be displayed with the pwd command (Print Working Directory). Go ahead, try it: Open a command line … Read more
This post will explain the use of man pages (also called manual pages) on your Unix or Linux computer. You will learn the man command together with related commands like whereis, whatis and mandb. Most Unix files and commands have pretty good man pages to explain their use. Man pages also come in handy when … Read more
This post briefly explains the different licenses used for distributing operating systems software. about software licenses There are two predominant software paradigms: Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and proprietary software. The criteria for differentiation between these two approaches is based on control over the software. With proprietary software, control tends to lie more with … Read more
This post gives a short overview of current Linux distributions. A Linux distribution is a collection of (usually open source) software on top of a Linux kernel. A distribution (or short, distro) can bundle server software, system management tools, documentation and many desktop applications in a central secure software repository. A distro aims to provide … Read more
This post briefly tells the history of Unix and where Linux fits in. 1969 All modern operating systems have their roots in 1969 when Dennis Ritchie and KenThompson developed the C language and the Unix operating system at AT&T Bell Labs.They shared their source code (yes, there was open source back in the Seventies) … Read more
Use of Colon in Shell script Sometimes it is useful to have a command which does “nothing”. The : (colon) command in Unix does nothing #!/bin/sh if grep unix myfile then : else echo “Sorry, unix was not found” fi
VLC (VideoLAN Client) is an open source and free simple fast and much powerful cross-platform player and framework for playing most of multimedia files like CD, DVD, VCD, Audio CD and other various supported streaming media protocols. It was written by the VideoLAN project and can be available for all operating platforms such as Windows, … Read more
Vulnerabilities need to be identified by both the penetration tester and the vulnerability scanner. The steps are similar for the security tester and an unauthorized attacker. The attacker may choose to proceed more slowly to avoid detection, but some penetration testers will also start slowly so that the target company can learn where their detection … Read more