linux understands both the Berkely lpr and the System V (lp) set of printer commands. Most distributions include a graphical-based utility allowing people more flexibility in their printing. kprinter allows people to select which printer to use, and which properties to enable, all with the click of a mouse. It is part of the CUPS … Read more
This article is concerned with the creation, deletion, and manipulation of files. By the end of this section, the user should be able to identify all files within a directory, create new ones, remove others, display the contents of some, rename others, and more. ls: Listing The contents of a directory can be displayed using … Read more
Now that the UNIX tree-structured file system has been introduced, it would be useful to know how to find our way through the system and how to create files, delete them and rename them. cd: Change Directory To move from one directory to another the cd command is used. Use as: cd [directory] directory may … Read more
This article will deal with how to log on to the UNIX system, and how to log out. Logging On Initially, a user needs to get a userid and, optionally, a password. The userid is typed in at the login prompt, which usually looks like: login: Following the logon, the password prompt will appear: password: … Read more
Now we are going to talk about how you can install individual programs. The thing that you have to remember with Linux is that this is an open source world. Most of the software is free, or you pay for it in weird ways … Read more
we need to talk about are “man” pages. Man pages stand for manual pages. What you have to remember with man pages is that if you do not understand how a command is supposed to work … Read more
The first command that we need to talk about before you start doing any of the other commands is “sudo.” Sudo basically means “super user do.” In the previous post, we discussed how different distributions … Read more
shell embedding Shells can be embedded on the command line, or in other words, the command line scan can spawn new processes containing a fork of the current shell. You can use variables to prove that new shells are created. In the screenshot below, the variable $var1 only exists in the (temporary) sub shell. You … Read more
arguments One of the primary features of a shell is to perform a command line scan. When you enter a command at the shell’s command prompt and press the enter key, then the shell will start scanning that line, cutting it up in arguments. While scanning the line, the shell may make many changes to … Read more
In this post we learn how to recognise, create, remove, copy and move files using commands like file, touch, rm, cp, mv and rename. all files are case sensitive Files on Linux (or any Unix) are case sensitive. This means that FILE1 is different from file1, and /etc/hosts is different from /etc/Hosts (the latter one … Read more