SCADA stands for supervisory control and data acquisition. SCADA networks control and monitor the critical utility and process control infrastructures for manufacturing, production, and power generation for utility companies, including electricity, natural gas, oil, water, sewage, and railroads. The development of SCADA can be traced back to the beginning of the 19 th century through … Read more
It would be fair to say that in most industries reverse engineering for the purpose of developing competing products is the most well-known application of reverse engineering. The interesting thing is that it really isn’t as popular in the software industry as one would expect. There are several reasons for this, but it is primarily … Read more
Reverse engineering is the process of extracting the knowledge or design blue-prints from anything man-made. The concept has been around since long before computers or modern technology, and probably dates back to the days of the industrial revolution. It is very similar to scientific research, in which a researcher is attempting to work out the … Read more
Kickoff Meeting Unless a black box test is called for, it is important to schedule and attend a kickoff meeting, prior to engaging with the client. This is your opportunity not only to confirm your understanding of the client’s needs and requirements but also to get off on the right foot with the client. It … Read more
When performing penetration tests, the signed agreements you have in place may be your best friend or worst enemy. The following documents apply. Statement of Work Most organizations use a Statement of Work (SOW) when contracting outside work. The format of the SOW is not as important as its content. Normally, the contractor (in this … Read more
There are several well-known penetration testing methodologies and standards. OWASP The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) has developed a widely used set of standards, resources, training material, and the famous OWASP Top 10 list, which provides the top ten web vulnerabilities and the methods to detect and prevent them. OSSTMM The Open Source Security … Read more
The organization of the penetration testing team varies from job to job, but the following key positions should be filled (one person may fill more than one position): • Team leader • Physical security expert • Social engineering expert • Wireless security expert • Network security expert • Operating System expert
Determining the locations in scope is critical to establishing the amount of travel and the level of effort involved for physical security testing, wireless war driving, and social engineering attacks. In some situations, it will not be practical to evaluate all sites, but you need to target the key locations. For example, where are the … Read more
Scope is probably the most important issue when planning a penetration test. The test may vary greatly depending on whether the client wants all of their systems covered or only a portion of them. It is important to get a feel for the types of systems within scope to properly price out the effort. The … Read more
In order for a company to defend itself against an insider attack, it must first give up the notion that attacks only come from the outside. The most damaging attacks often come from within, yet access controls and policies on the internal LAN often lag far behind border controls and Internet use policy. Beyond recognizing … Read more