The difference between an ethical hacker and a hacker is something that can easily get you into an argument. Just saying the word hacker in the wrong place can get you into an hours-long conversation of the history of hacking and how hackers are all good guys who mean nothing but the best for the … Read more
Attackers have constantly sought to “up” their game with new tactics and strategies to include new types of malware such as worms, spam, spyware, adware, and even rootkits. Although they already knew how to harass and irritate the public, in recent years they have caused ever bolder disruptions of today’s world by preying on our … Read more
Hacking is by no means a new phenomenon; it has existed in one form or another since the 1960s. It is only for a portion of the time since then that hacking has been viewed as a crime and a situation that needs to be addressed. Here’s a look at some famous hacks over time: … Read more
In the early 2000s, more malicious activity started to appear in the form of more advanced attacks. In fact, in the first few years of the new millennium the aggressiveness of attacks increased, with many attacks criminally motivated. Malicious attacks that have occurred include the following, among many more: ■ Denial-of-service attacks ■ Manipulation of … Read more
As the story goes, the earliest hackers were a group of people who were passionate and curious about new technology. They were the equivalent of those modern-day individuals who not only want the latest technology, such as a smartphone or iPhone, but also want to learn all the juicy details about what the device does … Read more
• Fuzzy Systems include Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Set Theory. • Knowledge exists in two distinct forms : − the Objective knowledge that exists in mathematical form is used in engineering problems; and − the Subjective knowledge that exists in linguistic form, usually impossible to quantify. Fuzzy Logic can coordinate these two forms of knowledge … Read more
In real world, there exists much fuzzy knowledge; Knowledge that is vague, imprecise, uncertain, ambiguous, inexact, or probabilistic in nature. Human thinking originating from and reasoning inherently frequently inexact human involve fuzzy concepts. information, Humans, can give satisfactory answers, which are probably true. However, is, our systems most systems are unable to answer many questions. … Read more
• The word “fuzzy” means “vagueness”. Fuzziness occurs when the boundary of a piece of information is not clear-cut. • Fuzzy sets have been introduced by Lotfi A. Zadeh (1965) as an extension of the classical notion of set. • Classical set theory allows the membership of the elements in the set in binary terms, … Read more
“Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the part of computer science concerned with designing intelligent computer systems, that is, systems that exhibit characteristics we associate with intelligence in human behaviour – understanding language, learning, reasoning, solving problems, and so on.” Scientific Goal To determine which ideas about knowledge representation, learning, rule systems, search, and so on, explain … Read more
Logical AI- What a program knows about the world in general the facts of the specific situation in which it must act, and its goals are all represented by sentences of some mathematical logical language. The program decides what to do by inferring that certain actions are appropriate for achieving its goals. Search – AI programs … Read more