Session Initiation Protocol :SIP Application layer protocal

Session Initiation Protocol :SIP Application layer protocal

June 22, 2014June 22, 2014 eduguru 0 Comments and accepted. Redirection (3xx): Further action needs to be taken (typically by sender) to complete the request. Client Error (4xx): The request contains bad syntax or cannot be fulfilled at the serve, fax over IP and online games. Originally designed by Henning Schulzrinne and Mark Handley in 1996, file transfer, incorporating many elements of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).[2] SIP works in conjunction with several other application layer protocols that iden, instant messaging, modifying and terminating sessions consisting of one or several media streams. SIP can be used for two-party (unicast) or multiparty (multicast) sessions. Other SIP applications include video conferen, presence information, Session Initiation Protocol :SIP Application layer protocal, SIP has been developed and standardized in RFC 3261 under the auspices of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It is an application layer protocol designed to be independent of the underlying t, streaming multimedia distribution, termination and other essential elements of a call. SIP can be used for creating, the protocol may be encrypted with Transport Layer Security (TLS). List of SIP request methods REGISTER: Used by a UA to indicate its current IP address and the URLs for which it would like to receive, The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling communications protocol, understood, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP).[1] It is a text-based protocol, video) SIP typically employs the Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) or Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP). For secure transmissions of SIP messages, widely used for controlling multimedia communication sessions such as voice and video calls over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. The protocol defines the messages that are sent between endpoints whic, without setting up a call. A new method has been introduced in SIP in RFC 3262:[14] PRACK (Provisional Response Acknowledgement): PRACK improves network reliability by adding an acknowledgement system

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling communications protocol, widely used for controlling multimedia communication sessions such as voice

Better SIP Security on Asterisk: How To Secure Asterisk

June 21, 2014April 28, 2018 eduguru 0 Comments again at least 12 characters with a complex mix of symbols, and a mix of upper and lowercase letters at least 12 digits long. 4) Block your AMI manager ports. Use “permit=” and “deny=” lines in manager.conf to reduce inbound connections to known hosts only. Us, and letters. 5) Allow only one or two calls at a time per SIP entity, asterisk-securitySeven Easy Steps to Better SIP Security on Asterisk: 1) Don’t accept SIP authentication requests from all IP addresses. Use the “permit=” and “deny=” lines in sip.conf to only allow a, Better SIP Security on Asterisk: How To Secure Asterisk, denying remote attackers the ability to detect existing extensions with brute-force guessing attacks. 3) Use STRONG passwords for SIP entities. This is probably the most important step you can take. D, for instance, limiting your exposure to toll fraud is a wise thing to do. This also limits your exposure when legitimate password holders on your system lose control of their passphrase – writing it on the bottom o, numbers, or some sort of combination of a common phrase + extension MD5 hash (example: from a shell prompt, this is an easy target for attackers to guess SIP authentication names. Use the MAC address of the device, try “md5 -s ThePassword5000″) 7) Ensure your [default] context is secure. Don’t allow unauthenticated callers to reach any contexts that allow toll calls. Permit only a limited number of active calls , where possible. At the worst, which allows extension information leakage. Setting this to “yes” will reject bad authentication requests on valid usernames with the same rejection information as with invalid usernames, which I’ve seen. 6) Make your SIP usernames different than your extensions. While it is convenient to have extension “1234″ map to SIP entry “1234″ which is also SIP user “1234″, you’d understand that trivial obfuscation like that is a minor hinderance to a modern CPU. Use symbols

Seven Easy Steps to Better SIP Security on Asterisk: 1) Don’t accept SIP authentication requests from all IP addresses. Use

Age of empires : One of the World’s top ten Games

June 19, 2014February 12, 2016 eduguru 1 Comment Africa and Asia, Age of empires Game Age of Empires is a series of personal computer game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft Studios. The first title of the series was Age of Empires, Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings, Age of Empires Online, Age of Mythology, and are set amidst historical events. Age of Empires focused on events in Europe, and Norse mythology. The Age of Empires series has been a commercial success, and their gameplay revolves around two main game modes: Single player and campaign. They competed with another popular strategy series, but focused on mythological elements of Greek, Civilization, Download age of empires game, download pc games, Egyptian, indoor games, online game, pc game play, play best games, realtime game, released in 1997. Since then, selling over 20 million copies.[1] The popularity and quality of the games has earned Ensemble Studios a strong reputation in real-time strategy gaming. Ensemble collaborated with Big Huge Games on Ag, seven titles and three spin-offs have been released. The titles are historical real-time strategy games, spanning from the Stone Age to the Iron Age; the expansion game explored the formation and expansion of the Roman Empire. The sequel, takes a different approach as a free-to-play online game utilizing Games for Windows Live. A spin-off game, was set in the Middle Ages, was set in the same period as the original Age of Empires, when Europe was colonizing the Americas and several Asian nations were on the decline. The newest installment, while its expansion focused partially on the Spanish conquest of Mexico. The subsequent three games of Age of Empires III explored the early modern period

Age of Empires is a series of personal computer game developed by Ensemble Studios and published by Microsoft Studios. The

How to find/display your MAC Address: Unix/Linux

June 19, 2014February 24, 2016 eduguru 1 Comment broadcast, find eth0 (this is the default first Ethernet adapter) Locate the number next to the HWaddr. This is your MAC address The MAC Address will be displayed in the form of 00:08:C7:1B:8C:02. Example "ifcon, find lan0 (this is the default first Ethernet adapter) Locate the number below Address. This is your MAC address The MAC Address will be displayed in the form of 0x000E7F0D81D6 -- the leading hexadeci, find mac address, find mac address of FreeBSD/NetBSD, find mac address of linux pc, find net0 (this is the default first Ethernet adapter) Locate the number below MAC Address in use. This is your MAC address The MAC Address will be displayed in the form of 00:00:c0:88:0a:2e. Example , find the Ethernet adapter (it will probably be called le0 or ie0) Locate the number next to ether. This is your MAC address The MAC Address will be displayed in the form of 0:0:f:a1:75:a0 -- leading z, find the Ethernet adapter (it will probably be called le0 or ie0) Locate the number next to ether. This is your MAC address The MAC Address will be displayed in the form of 0:3:ba:26:1:b0 -- leading z, find the Ethernet adapter (the name changes based on the Ethernet card installed) Locate the number below Address. This is your MAC address Alternate Method Typing "/etc/nvram eaddr" should also show , find the Ethernet adapter (the name changes based on the Ethernet card installed) Locate the number below Address. This is your MAC address The MAC Address will be displayed in the form of >00:00:F, find the Ethernet adapter (the name changes based on the Ethernet card installed) Locate the number below Address. This is your MAC address The MAC Address will be displayed in the form of 00:08:c7:1b, find the Ethernet adapter (the name changes based on the Ethernet card installed) Locate the number below Address. This is your MAC address The MAC Address will be displayed in the form of 00:09:6B:51, find the Ethernet adapter (the name changes based on the Ethernet card installed) Locate the number next to the HWaddr. This is your MAC address The MAC Address will be displayed in the form of 00:08:, FreeBSD/NetBSD mac address, How to find/display your MAC Address: Unix/Linux, Linux As the root user (or user with appropriate permissions) Type "ifconfig -a" From the displayed information, mac address on linux pc, mac address on solaris, multicast> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.111.40 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.111.255 ether 00:08:C7:1B:8C:02 OpenBSD As the root user (or user with appropriate permissions) Type "netstat -in" From , running, simplex, the actual MAC Address would be 00:00:0f:a1:75:a0. Example "ifconfig -a" output: le0: flags=863 mtu 1500 inet 192.168.111.70 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.111.255 ether 0:0:f:a1:75:a0 AIX (IBM UN, the actual MAC Address would be 00:0E:7F:0D:81:D6. Example "lanscan" output: Hardware Station Dev Hardware Net-Interface NM Encapsulation Mjr Path Address lu State NameUnit State ID Methods Num 2.0.2 , the actual MAC Address would be00:03:ba:26:01:b0. Example "ifconfig -a" output: le0: flags=863 mtu 1500 inet 192.168.111.30 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.111.255 ether 0:3:ba:26:1:b0

Linux As the root user (or user with appropriate permissions) Type “ifconfig -a” From the displayed information, find eth0 (this

Why am I getting a 500 Internal Server Error message?

June 16, 2014 eduguru 0 Comments 500 error500 website error, 500 internal server error, catching a timeout error when connecting to a database or externally to remote resources (example: RSS feeds) are difficult. They, either remove or rename the .htaccess file temporarily and then try to reload the page. PHP Coding Timing Out If your PHP script makes external network connections, freeze the script from continuing to run. Removing any external connections can increase both the performance of your website and decrease the chances of you receiving a "500 Internal Server Error." S, given when no more specific message is suitable. There are a number of causes for a 500 Internal Server Error to display in a web browser. Figure 1 is a sample error message. This article provides inf, however, in effect, internal server error, it may be interfering with the web page you are trying to load into your browser. Please double check the .htaccess configuration. Any syntax errors will cause a 500 Internal Server Error message to b, Possible Cause : 1. htaccess file 2. Php Coding Time out 3. CGI Script Error 500 Internal Server Error is a generic error message, right-click on the file and select change file attributes. See Using FTP and SFTP for more information. Double-check that the Perl modules you require for your script is supported. For a list of the c, the connections may time out. If too many connections are attempted and time out, this will cause a "500 Internal Server Error." To prevent these time outs and errors, use a plain text editor - a program that saves the file as a 'text file' type. DO NOT use Wordpad that comes with Microsoft Windows because it doesn't save files in pure ASCII text format. Use Notepad, Why am I getting a 500 Internal Server Error message?, you'll want to make sure that PHP scripts be coded with some timeout rules. Typically

Possible Cause : 1. htaccess file 2. Php Coding Time out 3. CGI Script Error 500 Internal Server Error is

WinScp : Best FTP and SFTP client for windows

June 11, 2014February 28, 2016 eduguru 1 Comment WinScp : Best FTP and SFTP client for windows, WinSCP download WinSCP is an open source free SFTP client and FTP client for Windows. Its main function is the secure file transfer between local and remote computer. It is one of the best SFTP and FT

WinSCP is an open source free SFTP client and FTP client for Windows. Its main function is the secure file transfer

Avast antivirus : is this best for you?

June 11, 2014February 24, 2016 eduguru 0 Comments an antivirus (free or otherwise) needs to receive critical security patches. This is no longer the case with MSE, and in order to stay ahead of the game, and Microsoft Security Essentials was loved by many. Avast is designed much in the same way, and soon. AVAST-free-Antivirus-download Luckily, and you don’t need top of the line hardware to run it. It does a great job running smoothly and silently in the background. Avast comes highly recommended. The free antivirus has one of the best scann, Avast antivirus : is this best for you?, Avast free antivirus, Avast is actually a step for the better, best antivirus, but if you’re using Windows XP, firewalling and browser integration are all included, free antivirus, it may be time for consumers to start looking for another antivirus system such as Avast or AVG. To grasp the severity of this, let us go into some detail. Antivirus apps are worthwhile just as long as they are getting support and constant updates. Malware will come in new shapes and sizes constantly, making Avast a great choice among free antivirus apps. Let’s face it, Microsoft have cancelled support for Windows XP and may also be seizing support for Microsoft Security Essentials, the standard free version is more than enough for day-to-day security and tasks. One of the great things about Avast is that it’s not extremely demanding on hardware resources. Many Windows XP users a, there are some great alternatives. One of the best things about MSE is the fact that it’s free for anyone who has a legit and registered copy of Windows. There are other free antivirus apps out there , which on Windows XP is receiving nothing. It might still protect your desktop or notebook today, Windows XP will slowly be dying out and will be taking its rightful place in the Operating System Hall of Fame (next to older legends such as Windows 98), you might just want to give it a try. Avast is completely free to download and use, you should seriously consider moving towards a different antivirus app altogether

Microsoft have cancelled support for Windows XP and may also be seizing support for Microsoft Security Essentials, it may

Turn on Remote Desktop in Windows 7, 8 or Vista

June 11, 2014 eduguru 0 Comments 8, 8 or Vista, and then find the entry for System. Note: if you are using Windows 8 or 8.1 you will need to open the desktop Control Panel and find the System panel there. Now you’ll want to click the Remote Setting, Business, but it’s easy enough to turn it back on. If you need to access your Windows PC from another box, click the “Allow connections from computers running any version of Remote Desktop” radio button. Don’t worry about setting up firewall rules, click the bottom radio button. If you need to connect from an XP/2k machine, if you are using Windows 8, it’s an essential thing to turn on. Important note: Remote desktop is only included in the Professional, or Ultimate versions of Windows. Home editions do not have remote desktop. To get to the configuration page, or Vista, or you can type in systeminto the start menu search box, Remote Desktop is disabled by default in Windows 7, this is the screen that you’ll want to find – or you can search for Remote settings. Now you can finally turn it on: To connect from another Vista / Win7 PC on the same network, Turn on Remote Desktop in Windows 7, Vista or Windows 7 does that for you automatically. Note: This should work for both Windows 7 and Vista., you can either right-click the Computer icon and choose properties

Remote Desktop is disabled by default in Windows 7, 8, or Vista, but it’s easy enough to turn it back

Asterisk Databse mysql

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/var/lib /mysql/mysql.sock’ (2)

June 10, 2014February 24, 2016 eduguru 0 Comments [SOLVED] CentOS 6.5 - MySQL Daemon failed to start., 000 results (0.23 seconds) Search Results MySQL Daemon Failed to Start - centos 6 - Stack Overflow stackoverflow.com/questions/.../mysql-daemon-failed-to-start-centos-6 Dec 1, 2010 - 15 posts - ‎2 authors I'm really not sure what I'm doing wrong. I'm attempting to start mysql Code: [root@bebop-test /]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Stopping mysqld: [ OK ] MySQL Daemon failed t, 2013 - [root@sacroiliac log]# service mysqld start MySQL Daemon failed to start. Starting mysqld: [FAILED] [root@sacroiliac log]# service mysql start ... centos - Cent OS - MySQL Daemon failed to star, 2013 - 12 posts - ‎1 author Starting mysqld: [FAILED] Does anyone know what could be happening here? How to repeat: Run a yum update -y on a centos 6.4, 2013 - EDIT: Look at the checkmarked answer comments to get your issue .... The most likely cause for this error is that your mysql server is not running. You've visited this page 2 times. Last visit:, 2013 - Recently I started working on a very basic Drupal website for a friend, 2013 - Symptoms This article applies if you face any of the following symptoms: MySQL starts/stops properly when started/stopped with the mysqld ... startup - mysql server start failed - Ask Ubuntu as, 2014 - 10 posts - ‎2 authors 140115 17:21:35 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql ... chcon: failed to change context of `mysql' to ... MySQL Daemon Failed to Start af, 2014 - But mysqld.sock file doesn't exist inside /var/run/mysqld folder. On executing ps aux | grep mysql command, 2014 - Now I have restarted mysqld and it wont start. It has just stopped. I really need to get this up and running now. Its highly urgent for me. Below is ... Cannot start/stop/restart service: MySQL, 2014 - When trying restart mysqld service I'm getting this erroe: Cannot start/stop/restart service: MySQL Daemon failed to start. Anybody have idea ... MySQL Daemon failed to start. | DigitalOcean ht, and change its value to the database server host machine's IP address. For me, by doing that it sadly seems that it has overloaded mysql. Can it really be ... MySQL Daemon failed to start. - LinuxQuestions.org www.linuxquestions.org › Forums › Linux Forums › Linux - Software Nov, Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket, check the ... rhel - Problem Starting MySQL on new Centos 6 build - Unix ... unix.stackexchange.com/.../problem-starting-mysql-on-new-centos-6-bui... Dec 10, ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/var/lib /mysql/mysql.sock' (2), I realized that mysql server was not ... MySQL Bugs: #71086: Starting Mysql service on CentOS6.5 bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=71086 Dec 5, I tried the following steps: Log in as super user or use sudo Open /etc/mysql/my.cnf using gedit Check the all the configuration Find bind-address, it was localhost or 127.0.0.1 Save and close the file. Come back to terminal and execute sudo service mysql start And it worked for me., MySQL Daemon Failed to Start - centos 6, Searches related to mysql daemon failed to start. mysql daemon failed to start. starting mysqld failed mysql daemon failed to start. starting mysqld mysql daemon failed to start. starting mysqld cento

I tried the following steps: Log in as super user or use sudo Open /etc/mysql/my.cnf using gedit Check the all