Server vs. Desktop

There are generally two versions of Linux that everybody is going to provide. Whether you get Red Hat Linux, Ubuntu Linux, Fedora Linux, or whatever distribution that may be, they will normally have two versions of the distribution. One is going to be the server version while the other is going to be the desktop … Read more

Capitalization

Let us now talk about something that just messes with every Windows user’s head when making the switch to Linux: Capitalization. So basically, you have uppercase and lowercase letters. In the Windows operating system, it doesn’t care whether you put in an uppercase or a lowercase letter. If you have a folder named “Home” in … Read more

The Linux Shell

let us now talk about the shell of the Linux operating system. So what is a shell? The shell of an operating system is the screen that you use to interact with the operating system. If you’re thinking about Microsoft Windows, the Windows shell is that graphical user interface where we have the little mouse … Read more

A Brief History of UNIX and C

The first UNIX implementation was developed in 1969 (the same year that Linus Torvalds was born) by Ken Thompson at Bell Laboratories, a division of the tele- phone corporation, AT&T. It was written in assembler for a Digital PDP-7 mini- computer. The name UNIX was a pun on MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service), the … Read more

Unix and Linux Enumeration

Linux and Unix systems are no different from Windows systems and can be enumerated as well. The difference lies in the tools and the approach. In this section you will take a look at a handful of the tools that have proven useful in exploring these systems. finger The finger command is designed to return … Read more

The Linux desktop environment

In the early days of Linux (the early 1990s) all that was available was a simple text interface to the Linux operating system. This text interface allowed administrators to start programs, control program operations, and move files around on the system. With the popularity of Microsoft Windows, computer users expected more than the old text … Read more

GNU utilities

The GNU organization (GNU stands for GNU’s Not Unix) developed a complete set of Unix utilities, but had no kernel system to run them on. These utilities were developed under a software philosophy called open source software (OSS). The concept of OSS allows programmers to develop software and then release it to the world with … Read more

Basic Linux Navigation

Now    we    need    to    talk    about    basic    folder    navigation    in    the    Linux    operating    system.  This    is    slightly   different    from    Microsoft    Windows.    However,    the    funny    thing    is    it   looks    close    enough    to    Windows    that   when    things    do    not    work    right,    people    have  the    urge    to    want    to    pick    up    their    computer    and    throw   it    out    the   … Read more